This paper works on the effect of temperature on a hybrid energy storage with different energy management systems. The hybrid energy storage system consists of a fuel cell, ultracapacitor and Battery with DC/DC and DC/AC converters. The energy management strategies employed are the state machine control strategy, fuzzy frequency/logic decoupling strategy, minimization strategy of equivalent consumption (ECMS) and external energy maximization strategy (EEMS). Initially, a module of 3. 3v 2. 3Ah LiPo4 batteries consisting of 15 cells in series and 15 rows in parallel are studied without considering the temperature effect. In the next step, the studies are repeated considering the temperature variation effects. The current and SOC associated with the Battery, the hydrogen consumption, and Battery life are studied for each strategy. The results suggest that the errors associated with the Battery life estimation, as well as the Battery current are significant with and without considering the temperature effects with the values of 30% and 20%, respectively.

Foreign body ingestion is a common complaint in the pediatric emergency departments. Esophageal foreign body is a potentially serious cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Here we report an interesting case of disk Battery ingestion resulting tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF). The surgery for repair of TEF was done one month after ingestion. A brief review of the diagnosis and management of esophageal foreign bodies is presented with particular focus on ingested disk batteries.